FAQs
Understanding Reverse Osmosis (RO) Filtration
What is reverse osmosis (RO) filtration?
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a high-performance water purification process that removes impurities, toxins, and contaminants by pushing water through a semi-permeable membrane. This ensures safe, clean, and refreshing water for your home or business.
What does an RO filter remove from water?
RO filtration eliminates up to99% of harmful substances, including:
✔ Chlorine & fluoride
✔ Heavy metals (lead, arsenic, mercury)
✔ Bacteria, viruses & parasites
✔ Sediments, rust & dirt
✔ Microplastics & industrial chemicals
How does an RO system work?
RO systems usemultistage filtration, typically consisting of:
🔹Pre-filters– Removes sediment and chlorine to protect the RO membrane
🔹Semi-permeable membrane– Blocks contaminants at a microscopic level
🔹Post-filter– Enhances taste and removes remaining odors
🔹Alkaline or remineralization cartridge (optional)– Restores minerals for balanced hydration
Does RO filtration remove essential minerals?
Yes, RO removes some minerals, but many systems include aremineralization or alkaline cartridgeto restorehealthy minerals like calcium and magnesium, ensuring balanced hydration and better taste.
🔍 6-Stage RO Filter Cartridges Explained
1️⃣ PP Filter (Polypropylene – Sediment Filter)
🧽 Function: Removes dirt, rust, sand, silt & other large particles
🔒 Protects: The following carbon filters & membrane
📆 Replace every 6 months
💡 Looks white & cottony — your first line of defense!
2️⃣ UDF Filter (Granular Activated Carbon)
🌿 Function: Adsorbs chlorine, organic chemicals, pesticides & odours
🍋 Effect: Improves taste and smell of water
📆 Replace every 6–12 months
💡 "UDF" = Universal Disposable Filter, filled with loose carbon granules
3️⃣ CTO Filter (Carbon Block)
🧊 Function: Removes remaining chlorine, chloramine, and VOCs
🎯 Effect: Protects the membrane & improves taste even further
📆 Replace every 6–12 months
💡 CTO = Chlorine, Taste, Odour — a compact block carbon filter
4️⃣ RO Membrane (Reverse Osmosis Membrane)
🚫 Function: Filters out up to 99% of dissolved solids (TDS), fluoride, arsenic, lead, etc.
🩺 Effect: Produces ultra-pure water
📆 Replace every 18–24 months
💡 Most crucial part of your system – does the "heavy lifting"
5️⃣ T33 Filter (Post-Carbon / Polishing Filter)
🧼 Function: Final taste refinement after the water leaves the tank
🌊 Effect: Removes any residual odour or flatness
📆 Replace every 12 months
💡 Often made with coconut shell carbon for sweet, smooth taste
6️⃣ Alkaline Filter (Mineraliser / pH Booster)
🧪 Function: Adds healthy minerals like calcium, magnesium, and potassium
⚖️ Effect: Raises pH slightly and improves hydration & taste
📆 Replace every 12 months
💡 Makes water more like natural spring water!
Installation & Maintenance
Can I install an RO system myself?
Yes! Most RO systems come with easy-to-follow instructions for DIY installation. However, professional installation ensures optimal performance, correct connections, and compliance with water safety regulations.
How often should I replace RO filters and membranes?
✔ Pre-filters: Every 6–12 months (sediment & carbon filters)
✔ RO membrane: Every 2–3 years, depending on water quality and usage
✔ Post-filter: Every 12 months for enhanced taste and freshness
Routine maintenance helps maintain better performance and long-lasting filtration efficiency.
Does an RO system produce wastewater?
Yes, but modern RO systems are designed for greater efficiency. Some units have high recovery rates (75% or more), reducing water waste while delivering purified water.
Where can an RO system be installed?
RO systems can be installed in various locations, including:
✔ Under the kitchen sink – Most common for household drinking water
✔ Connected to the refrigerator – Provides purified water and ice
✔ Whole-house RO systems – Ideal for large-scale purification
✔ Commercial use – Perfect for cafés, offices, and medical facilities
Health & Environmental Benefits
Is RO water safe for babies, kids, and seniors?
Absolutely! RO water removes harmful contaminants, making it gentle and safe for all ages. It’s ideal for baby formula, hydration, and supporting long-term health.
10. How does RO compare to bottled water?
🚰 RO Water: Cost-effective, reduces plastic waste, and provides pure, fresh water at home.
🛍️ Bottled Water: Convenient but expensive, and contributes to plastic pollution.
How does RO compare to bottled water?
🚰 RO Water: Cost-effective, reduces plastic waste, and provides pure, fresh water at home.
🛍️ Bottled Water: Convenient but expensive, and contributes to plastic pollution.
Is an RO system environmentally friendly?
Yes! RO filtration helps reduce plastic waste, supports sustainable water consumption, and minimizes exposure to pollutants—helping both you and the planet.
Does RO water improve taste and odor?
Yes! RO filtration removes chlorine, sulfur, and other substances that affect water taste. The result? Crisp, fresh, and clean water every time!
Choosing the Right RO System
What size RO system do I need?
✔ Household Use – A 5-stage RO system is ideal for family use, providing pure drinking water.
✔ Whole-House System – If you want purified water throughout your home, opt for a high-capacity RO system.
✔ Commercial Use – Businesses benefit from advanced RO units designed for larger water demands.
How long does it take for an RO system to filter water?
Most systems filter 1–3 gallons per hour, depending on water pressure and system size. A built-in storage tank ensures on-demand access to purified water.
Does RO water help with cooking and brewing drinks?
Yes! RO-filtered water enhances coffee, tea, soups, and cooking, as it removes impurities that can affect flavor.
Troubleshooting Common RO System Problems
Low or No Water Flow
🔹 Check the feed water valve – Ensure it’s fully open.
🔹 Inspect filters – Clogged pre-filters or RO membranes can restrict flow; replace them if necessary.
🔹 Check for kinks in tubing – Straighten any bent water lines.
🔹 Verify tank pressure – If the storage tank pressure is too low, repressurize it to 6–8 psi when empty.
RO System Leaking
🔹 Tighten loose connections – Inspect all fittings and tubing for leaks.
🔹 Check O-rings – Misplaced or worn-out O-rings in filter housings can cause leaks.
🔹 Inspect the drain saddle – Ensure it’s properly aligned with the drain hole.
Bad Taste or Odor in RO Water
🔹 Replace filters – Old or clogged filters can cause unpleasant taste.
🔹 Flush the system – If the system hasn’t been used for a while, flush it to remove stagnant water.
🔹 Check for bacterial contamination – Sanitize the system if necessary.
RO System Running Continuously
🔹 Check the shut-off valve – A faulty automatic shut-off valve (ASO) can cause continuous draining.
🔹 Inspect the check valve – A broken check valve may prevent the system from stopping water flow.
🔹 Verify tank pressure – If the tank bladder is ruptured, the system may keep running without filling the tank.
Cloudy or Milky RO Water
🔹 Air bubbles in new systems – If the system was recently installed, air trapped in the filters can cause cloudiness; this usually clears up after a few flushes.
🔹 Check for membrane issues – A damaged RO membrane may allow impurities to pass through.
Slow Tank Filling
🔹 Check water pressure – RO systems require a minimum of 40 psi to function properly.
🔹 Inspect filters and membrane – Clogged filters or a worn-out membrane can slow down water production.
🔹 Ensure proper tubing connections – Misaligned tubing can restrict water flow.